¿Quieres criar hijos exitosos? La ciencia dice que estos 5 hábitos son los más importantes

He tenido la misión de recopilar consejos para padres basados ​​en la ciencia, tanto aquí en mi columna en Heaven32 como en mi libro electrónico constantemente actualizado (gratuito). Cómo criar hijos exitosos, lo que puedas Descarga aquí.

Aquí hay un vistazo rápido pero en profundidad a cinco de los estudios más útiles que he encontrado y los hábitos que sugieren para los padres exitosos.

1. Sea un modelo a seguir (pero no su único modelo a seguir).

Cambiemos la trama de antemano: los niños necesitan grandes modelos a seguir, pero uno de los roles más importantes que pueden modelar es lidiar con el fracaso.

Trátelo de manera honesta, abierta y transparente. Déjales ver que a veces intentas perderte. Porque, por supuesto, ellos mismos fallarán en las cosas y usted quiere enseñarles dos cosas:

  • No temas ni te avergüences del fracaso, especialmente si lo han dado todo.
  • Rebote de él de la manera correcta.

Hace unos años, los investigadores del Instituto de Tecnología de Massachusetts realizaron experimentos en niños de 15 meses. Cuanto más les dejaban ver sus padres que a veces luchaban y fracasaban, más resilientes se volvían los niños.

“Hay cierta presión sobre los padres para que todo parezca simple”, dijo uno de los líderes del estudio. “[T]Esto al menos sugiere que mostrarles a sus hijos que trabaja duro para lograr sus metas no puede ser malo “.

¿Además? Asegúrese de que tengan grandes modelos a seguir, tanto en sus vidas como en la literatura.

2. Enséñeles a amar el aire libre.

Este consejo parece particularmente oportuno ya que estamos saliendo de la pandemia. Pero los niños tienen que estar afuera.

Los estudios muestran que los niños que pasaban mucho menos tiempo en interiores en los primeros días de la crisis del coronavirus tuvieron un impacto notablemente negativo en su bienestar emocional.

Eso suena casi a sentido común, pero lo seguimos viendo tanto en niños como en adultos.

Este tipo de hábitos, y un aprecio de por vida por la naturaleza (o no), comienzan siendo jóvenes y no cuestan casi nada.

Por el contrario, y no soy ludita, y sé que vivimos en un mundo digital, los investigadores han descubierto que la felicidad y el bienestar entre los estudiantes de secundaria de EE. UU. Han disminuido constantemente desde 2012.

Mmm, ¿Qué pasó en 2012? En este punto, los niños estadounidenses estaban comenzando en gran medida a tener sus propios teléfonos inteligentes combinados con planes de datos ilimitados.

3. Enséñeles a priorizar la bondad.

Hace unos años, el psicólogo y profesor de economía Adam Grant y su esposa Allison Sweet Grant escribieron un libro sobre los niños y la bondad. En un artículo que escribieron para El Atlántico Casi al mismo tiempo, hicieron un punto interesante:

  • Más del 90 por ciento de los padres estadounidenses dicen que “una de sus principales prioridades es cuidar a sus hijos”.
  • Pero si les pregunta a los niños cuáles son las prioridades de sus padres para ellos, “el 81 por ciento dice que sus padres valoran los logros y la felicidad antes que el cuidado”.

Hay una separación. Y podría deberse a que las personas no reconocen una de las paradojas más intrigantes, a saber, que las personas que muestran bondad y se preocupan por los demás a menudo tienen más probabilidades de obtener lo que quieren.

Los niños que son calificados como útiles por su maestra de jardín de infantes ganan más dinero 30 años después. Los estudiantes de secundaria que ayudan, cooperan e interactúan con sus compañeros de clase también sobresalen: obtienen mejores calificaciones y puntajes de exámenes estandarizados en comparación con compañeros que no ayudan.

Por cierto, los estudiantes de octavo grado con los logros académicos más altos no son los que obtuvieron las mejores calificaciones cinco años antes; son los que calificaron más útiles por sus compañeros de clase y maestros de tercer grado.

Y los estudiantes de secundaria que creen que sus padres valoran ser útiles, respetuosos y amables, en lugar de sobresalir académicamente, ir a una buena universidad y tener una carrera exitosa, obtienen mejores resultados en la escuela y es menos probable que rompan las reglas.

También vemos eso en las negociaciones: desarrolle empatía por las personas con las que está tratando, cuide legítimamente sus deseos y necesidades, y es más probable que llegue a una solución deseable.

4. Felicítelos correctamente.

Hay al menos tres facetas para elogiar bien a los niños que encontré en mis encuestas de investigación.

El primero es elogiar a los niños por sus esfuerzos, no por sus dones. Últimamente he descartado un poco esta idea, que cubriré en una columna futura. Pero breve:

  • Bien: Estoy muy orgulloso de ti. Vi lo mucho que estudiaste para esta prueba.
  • No tan bien: Sabía que te iría bien en esta prueba. Eres tan inteligente y naturalmente bueno en matemáticas.

El segundo es alabarlos con autenticidad. Los niños (en su mayoría) no son estúpidos. Saben si estás echando humo cuando los elogias por cosas que en realidad no son elogiadas. Pero también necesitan un refuerzo para saber que estás orgulloso y piensas que están haciendo las cosas bien.

En un estudio de 300 niños, los investigadores encontraron que:

“Cuando los padres notaron que sobreestimaron o subestimaron a sus hijos para el trabajo escolar, a los niños les fue peor en la escuela y tenían más probabilidades de experimentar depresión que los niños cuyos padres sintieron que sus elogios reflejaban la realidad”.

En conclusión, sin embargo, sea generoso con sus elogios en términos de cantidad.

Un estudio de tres años de la Universidad Brigham Young encontró que no hay una cantidad mágica de elogios, pero ayuda hacerlo con la mayor frecuencia posible. Un truco podría ser dividir las tareas y elogiarlas por cada una, en lugar de mantener su refuerzo positivo hasta el final de una tarea.

5. Esté ahí para ellos y más.

Este último consejo es quizás el más difícil porque contradice uno de los estereotipos parentales que todos queremos evitar: convertirnos en padres helicópteros.

Dicho esto, combinaré los estudios aquí y al menos te daré algo en que pensar, si no una guía completa.

La conclusión en primer plano es estar ahí, ser ruidoso e involucrarse mientras deja que sus hijos hagan todo lo posible por sí mismos.

  • Estudio # 1: Los investigadores encontraron que las niñas cuyas madres “molestaban al diablo” tenían menos probabilidades de concebir como adolescentes, más probabilidades de ir a la universidad y menos probabilidades de estar desempleadas a largo plazo o atrapadas en trabajos sin futuro.
  • Estudio número 2: De hecho, varios estudios encontraron que los padres que corrieron rápidamente al lado de sus hijos cuando se enfrentaron a desafíos o reveses importantes, a casi cualquier edad, criaron hijos que tuvieron más éxito y tuvieron mejores relaciones con sus padres a medida que avanzaban. mayor.

En resumen, usted es el padre o la madre de su hijo y debe actuar de esta manera: guíe, insta y demuestre que siempre está ahí para ayudarlo.

Haz tanto y haces bastante.

No olvide el libro electrónico gratuito Cómo criar hijos exitosos (séptima edición), lo que puedas Descarga aquí.

Las opiniones expresadas aquí por los columnistas de Heaven32 son propias, no de Heaven32.

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  • Rebound from it the right way.
  • n A few years ago, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ran experiments with children as young as 15 months old. The more their parents let them see that they struggled and failed at times, the more resilient the kids became. n "There's some pressure on parents to make everything look easy," one of the study's leads said. "[T]his does at least suggest that it may not be a bad thing to show your children that you are working hard to achieve your goals." n Beyond that? Make sure they have great role models, both in their lives and in literature.  n

    2.    Teach them to love the outdoors.

    n This advice seems especially timely as we emerge from the pandemic. But kids need to be outside. n Studies show that kids who spent a lot less time indoors during the early days of the coronavirus crisis had a striking negative effect on their emotional well-being. n This almost seems like common sense, but we see it come up again and again in both children and adults. n
      t
    • A study found that children -- boys especially -- who spent time outdoors at recess during school had better gains in their reading ability over the next two years versus children whose schools didn't guarantee outdoor recess.
    • t
    • Another study found that for adults, spending an average of 20 minutes a day outside and in nature led to better health and psychological well-being.
    • t
    • And yet another study showed that even just 15 minutes per week outdoors, in an environment that prompted "awe" -- meaning "a positive emotion elicited when in the presence of vast things not immediately understood," led to better mental and emotional health.
    n These kinds of habits -- and a lifelong appreciation for nature (or not) -- start young, and cost almost nothing. n Against this -- and I'm no Luddite, and I know we live in a digital world, but -- researchers have found that happiness and well-being among U.S. middle schoolers has declined steadily since 2012.  n Hmmm,  what happened in 2012? That's when American kids largely started to get their own smartphones, combined with unlimited data plans.  n

    3.    Teach them to prioritize kindness.

    n A couple of years ago, psychologist and business school professor Adam Grant and his wife Allison Sweet Grant wrote a book about kids and kindness. In an article they wrote for The Atlantic around the same time, they made an interesting point: n
      t
    • More than 90 percent of U.S. parents say that "one of their top priorities is that their children be caring." 
    • t
    • But, if you ask children what their parents' top priorities are for them,  "81 percent say their parents value achievement and happiness over caring."
    n There's a disconnect. And it might stem from people not realizing one of the most fascinating paradoxes, which is that people who demonstrate kindness and caring for others are oHeaven32en more likely to achieve what they want as a result. n As the Grants put it: n
    Boys who are rated as helpful by their kindergarten teacher earn more money 30 years later. Middle-school students who help, cooperate and share with their peers also excel--compared with unhelpful classmates, they get better grades and standardized-test scores. n The eighth graders with the greatest academic achievement, moreover, are not the ones who got the best marks five years earlier; they're the ones who were rated most helpful by their third-grade classmates and teachers. n And middle schoolers who believe their parents value being helpful, respectful, and kind over excelling academically, attending a good college, and having a successful career perform better in school and are less likely to break rules.
    n We see this in negotiations, too: Develop empathy with the people you're dealing with, care legitimately about what they want as well as what you want, and you're more likely to reach a desirable resolution. n

    4.    Praise them the right way.

    n There are at least three facets of praising kids well that I've found in my surveys of the research. n The first is to praise kids for their effort, not their giHeaven32s. I've gotten a bit of pushback on this idea recently, which I'll address in a future column. But in short: n
      t
    • Good: I'm very proud of you. I saw how hard you studied for that test.
    • t
    • Not-so-good: I knew you'd do well on that test. You're so smart and naturally good at math.
    n The second is to praise them authentically. Kids aren't stupid (mostly). They know if you're blowing smoke when you praise them for things that don't really merit praise. But they also need reinforcement to know that you're proud and think they're doing the right things. n In one study of 300 kids, researchers found that: n
    "when parents perceived that they over- or underpraised their children for schoolwork, children performed worse in school and experienced depression to a greater extent, as compared with children whose parents thought their praise accurately reflected reality."
    n Finally, however: Be generous with your praise in terms of quantity. n A three-year study out of Brigham Young University found that there's no magic amount of praise, but it's helpful to do so as oHeaven32en as possible. One trick might be to break down tasks and praise for each one specifically, as opposed to holding your positive reinforcement until the end of a task. n

    5.    Be there for them, and then some.

    n This last bit of advice is perhaps the hardest because it flies in the face of one of the parenting cliches we all want to avoid: namely becoming a helicopter parent. n That said, I'm going to combine studies here, and at least give you food for thought -- if not a complete guide. n The bottom line up front is to be there, be vocal, and be involved, while still letting your kids do for themselves as much as they can. n
      t
    • Study number 1: Researchers found that girls whose mothers "nagged the heck out of them" were less likely to become pregnant as teenagers, more likely to go to college, and less likely to have long periods of unemployment or get stuck in dead-end jobs.
    • t
    • Study number 2: A series of studies, actually, found that parents who were quick to run to their children's side when they faced big challenges or had setbacks -- at almost any age -- wound up raising kids who were more successful and had better relationships with their parents as they got older.
    n In short, you're your child's parent, and they need you to act like that: guiding them, pushing them, and showing that you'll always be there for them.  n Do that much, and you're doing quite a lot.  n Don't forget the free ebook, How to Raise Successful Kids (7th Edition), which you can download here.  ","inc_code_only_text":null,"inc_pubdate":"2021-06-20 06:12:00","inc_promo_date":"2021-06-20 06:12:00","inc_custom_pubdate":null,"inc_feature_image_override":"","inc_feature_image_background_color_override":null,"inc_show_feature_imageflag":true,"inc_feature_image_style":"pano","inc_image_caption_override":null,"inc_autid":0,"inc_typid":1,"inc_staid":7,"inc_serid":0,"inc_prtid":0,"inc_activeflag":true,"inc_copyeditedflag":false,"inc_flag_for_reviewflag":false,"inc_lock_articleflag":false,"inc_react_displayflag":true,"inc_filelocation":"bill-murphy-jr/want-to-raise-successful-kids-science-says-these-5-habits-matter-most.html","inc_override_url":null,"inc_hide_article_sidebarflag":false,"inc_custom_sidebar":null,"inc_show_read_moreflag":true,"inc_display_video_at_bottomflag":false,"inc_autoplay_videoflag":true,"inc_full_width_read_moreflag":false,"inc_custom_footer":null,"inc_custom_teaser":null,"inc_hide_video_prerollflag":false,"inc_custom_css":null,"inc_custom_javascript":null,"inc_canonical_url":null,"inc_meta_keywords":"kids outdoors pandemic, kids recess, raise successful kids, how to raise successful kids, adam grant raising kids, adam grant parenting, Stanford parenting advice, raise kind kids, praise kids the right way","inc_column_name_override":null,"inc_newsworthyflag":true,"inc_notepad":null,"inc_track_changesflag":false,"inc_cta_text":null,"inc_cta_url":null,"time_updated":"2021-06-20 06:15:04","channels":[{"id":4,"cnl_name":"Lead","cnl_filelocation":"lead","cnl_featuretype":"None","cnl_custom_color":"009CD8","cnl_calculated_color":"F7CE00","cnl_contributor_accessflag":true,"cnl_custom_article_footer":"Inc. helps entrepreneurs change the world. 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